Islamc business ethics and Christina Research Paper

Islamc business ethics and Christina - Research Paper Example Islamic and Christianity have caused an increase in business ethical arguments concerning relations of firms with globalization and secularization. Religion is considered as the benchmark of moral values. It addresses morality questions of what is right and wrong in business matters. The role of faith and religious beliefs on ethical business practices in a community has been questioned. The conventional teachings of Islam and Christianity on trade ethics correlated issues such as values, legal codes of behaviour on the control of a business, the workplace and wealth attainment and use highly affect a business management. Ethical and moral issues in businesses are raised in cases involving bribery, corruption, fraud and cheating. Religion is also critical in ethical matters dealing with discrimination, injustice and rights of employees, customers and stakeholders as well as other values in business (O’Brien and Scott, 35). Islam is the only major religion in the world that was founded by a businessperson. Islam has been known to have tranquillity toward the profession of the merchant. The Quran and the Bible are integral in providing ethical and moral guidance from the faith perspective about business management. In secular civilizations, legal analysis are footed upon modern and always transient values and standards; in the Islamic community, these ideals and principles are guided by the Shari’ah and reference to other previous judgements (O’Brien and Scott, 38). For instance, Islam has provided women with enduring and unalienable privileges and has never differentiated against minorities. The Islamic law analysis underpins highlights on equity and justice. The Quran contains some details pertaining to contract law. This shows the significance of contracts as the Quran gives few laws and little legal details. The law corresponds to the accepted

Summary of Dr. Faustus Essay Example for Free

Summary of Dr. Faustus Essay ?Christopher Marlowe was an older contemporary of William Shakespeare. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus is his best known work. Christopher Marlowe based his play Doctor Faustus on stories about a scholar and magician, Johann Faust, who allegedly sold his soul to the devil to gain magical powers. Born in 1488, the original Faust wandered through his German homeland until his death in 1541. In 1587, the first story about his life appeared in Germany. What Marlowe creates out of the story is a Medieval morality- play with a late Renaissance temper. In Doctor Faustus, Marlowe has made good use of a conventional Christian doctrine. Faustus strives against human limitation to the point of selling his soul. He is not only a seeker for power but also a knower and a desirer to know. The play begins with Dr. Faustus shown in his study, where he is deciding upon which field to specialise in- Analytics or Logic. Dissatisfied with his human status, he would like to have magical powers of making men live eternally and bringing back the dead to life. He rejects divine learning also, because it is based on a recognition of man’s morality and fallibility. For most of the play, the chorus sets the motion of the drama. The first Act establishes the unscholarly attitude of Faustus and also the base for his tragedy- a poor bargain eventually made with the devil that will leave him devastated in the end. The subplot of Wagner, the scholars and the clown dramatises Faustus’ predicament in very crude terms and have certain comical elements in it. Act 2 outlines the tragedy with greater depth. Faustus’s rebellion against human nature is quite desperate, because it loses more than it gains. But Faustus is â€Å"resolved† and shall â€Å"never repent†. He finally signs the pact with the devil, giving away his soul in return for the services of limitless knowledge. Acts 3 and 4 are basically about the kind of life Faustus is now leading with the help of Mephistophilis and other minions of the devil. Faustus seeks and Mephistophilis plans, rather a series of comic indulgences mainly to distract the former’s mind from the tormenting religious awareness. The final Act brings a climatic end of Faustus. The 24 years of the agreement comes to an end and with that, the sad realisation that all knowledge, wealth and power of the world were futile in comparison to having an everlasting place in heaven. The keynote of the final monologue of Faustus, before the devil takes him, is a feeling of pity and terror which all great tragedies are expected to arouse. Marlowe had a twofold aim in the play. He would write a morality play and hence the substantial stasis can be highlighted along with the comedy and the undramaticality of the play associated with the morality tradition. J. P. Brockbank observes, that the play serves a purpose for the audience- â€Å"In fear we acquiesce in the littleness and powerlessness of man, and in pity we share his sufferings and endorse his protest. †

Sole Trader Or Sole Proprietorship In Business Commerce Essay

Sole Trader Or Sole Proprietorship In Business Commerce Essay A sole proprietorship means that a person does business in their own name and that one person owns that business as well (the word Propriety means owner). A sole proprietorship, or just simply proprietorship, is one type of business which in legal terms has no separate existence from its owner. Meaning, that the law does not make a difference between the property that belongs to the owner, and the things that belongs to the business, which are called assets. Hence, the limitations of liability enjoyed by other types of business; which are a corporation and partnership; does not apply to sole proprietorship. Also there is no difference between the money that the owner owes people and the money that the business owes people, which are also called debts. In short, all debts of the business are debts of the owner as well. A sole proprietor business does not pay corporate taxes, but the owner of the business pays personal income taxes on the profit made by the business. A sole proprietor must register a Trade name or Doing Business As. A business with a legal name or a registered name will allow the proprietor to open a business account with banking institutions. A sole proprietorship business has some advantages: The owner of this kind of business has better control of the business itself in general and better business administration is possible since there is only one owner, decision making will be quick because there is no need to consult others; there are also no legal formalities in terms of forming or dissolving a business; a sole propriety has a lot of freedom from government regulations. Every form of business ownership has some sort of government regulation to follow, but in general, this form of business has the least. For example: a sole proprietorship reports its income and deductions using just a simple one or two page tax return form, while a partnership or corporation are required to submit a tax return composing of several pages in length and also a quarterly and an annual payroll tax return; in addition, all the profit of a sole proprietorship business go directly right to the owner. On the other hand, some disadvantages of this type of business are: businesses in sole proprietor type will likely have a hard time in raising capitals since share of the business are personal and cannot be sold; it is also sometimes difficult to apply for a bank finance, as sole proprietorship cannot grant floating charge which in jurisdiction is a sine qua non (originally a Latin legal term for without which it could not be) of bank financing; hiring of employees may also be difficult. This form of business have unlimited liability, therefore, if the business is face with a legal case, the owner or the proprietor is personally liable; business in this form is also uncertain, because as soon as the owner decides to stop the business, or the owner eventually died, the business then suddenly ceases to exist.; another disadvantage of this form of business is that as the business becomes successful, risks that accompanied the business tends to grow. A Partnership Is a type of business that has between 2 and 20 partners that owns the business respectively, in which partners shares all the profit or losses of the business in which all have invested. A legal agreement should be signed, if two or more people are planning to start a partnership business. The agreement must include these points: if the partnership ends, what happens to the assets of the business. For example: the tools and the furniture; how will the profits be shared by the partners. For example: one partner works everyday on the other hand another partner only works three day a week. They would not share the profit equally because the other works more than the other; if one partner wants to leave the partnership. By having a legal agreement that includes these points, the interest of all the partners will be safe. Every time a new partner joins, the entire partner must sign a new agreement. Each of the partners can write their own contracts for the partnership, but they must ensure that it is a valid legal contract. Like in a sole propriety, the laws do not recognized any difference between the partnerships assets and debts, and the partners personal assets and debts. Also the law does not recognize any difference between different partners assets and debts. In most countries, a partnership is considered a nominate contract between individual who, agreed to carry on an enterprise, cooperates and contributes to it, by combining property, knowledge, activities and to share its profit. A partnership is also considered a legal entity; although different legal system had reached different conclusions on this point; because partners involved have a partnership agreement, or a declaration of their partnership. A Partnership type of business is often favored over corporations for taxation purposes. In a partnership business eliminates the dividend tax that is levied upon profits. The most basic form a partnership business is a General Partnership. In this kind of partnership, all the partners personally manage the business and also personally liable to its debts. The other forms which have developed in other countries are the Limited Partnership (LP), in this partnership, certain limited partners relinquish their ability in managing the business in exchanged for limited liability for the partnerships debts; and the other form of partnership is the Limited Liability Partnership (LLC), in this form, all partners have some degree of limited liability in the partnership. There are also Private Limited Companies which are one the most common type of company that limited liability refers to the Shareholders who owns the company as they have purchased company shares. Shareholders are only liable to the amount they owe on the shares they purchased (this referring to guarantee). These companies are often run by families. There are 50 persons allowed in private limited companies. A Close Corporation A Corporation is considered to be an artificial legal entity (technically, a juristic person) which, even though have a number of natural persons or other legal entities, has a separate legal identity from them. Unlike a Company who has directors or shareholders, or a board member or chairperson; a close corporation are owned and managed by people called Members. A close corporation can only have 10 members. The law sees a close corporation separate from its members. This means that unlike in sole propriety and a partnership, all the assets and debts of the business belongs to the close corporation, all the assets and debts of each of its member corporation have nothing to do with the close corporation. As a legal entity, the corporation receives legal rights and duties. These rights are: the ability to sue and be sued (access to court); Rights to common treasury (rights to hold separate assets from its members); the right to hire agents (the right to hire employees); the right to ha ve a common seal (rights to govern its internal affairs); government and courts can also add other rights. Granting of additional rights to corporations is often very much controversial. Stewart Kyd, the author of the first treatise on corporate law in English, defined a corporation as a collection of many individuals united into one body, under a special denomination, having perpetual succession under an artificial form, and vested by the policy of the law with the capacity of acting in several respects as an individual, (A treatise on the law of corporations, 1794, p.13) The Modern Business Corporation; a type of corporation presently dominant; and in addition to a corporations legal rights, has three legal characteristics: Transferable share (membership can change without affecting the corporations legal entity); capacity for perpetual succession (this means that despite the withdrawal of any of its member, the corporation can possibly exist); and limited liability (members have limited responsible in the corporation in terms of debts). Corporations may also be formed fir local government (municipal corporation), charitable purposes (non-profit corporation), or for political, religious, or government programs (government-owned corporation). As a generic legal term, a corporation can be any group that has a legal personality. Why Go Global Companies tend to globalize to conquer new marketing grounds. There is actually no agreed starting point when did globalization began. Globalization in general refers to as the increasing integration of capital, goods, and services to the world market. Globalization, in order to develop, uses three forces; Migration (the human or the work force), international Trade, and capital integration of financial market. There are some factors that can affect globalization. A company going to a global market without proper knowledge of what lies ahead, is suicidal. A countrys culture should be given consideration and thoroughly studied before venturing in global market. One interesting way to evaluate culture is to consider the peoples sense of humor. A person should ask himself these questions; is it self-effacing? Does it insult other culture? Is it innocent? Does it promote racism? This can provide an insight in to what approach to consider when tackling international cross-cultural issues. A company planning to go global should be prepared to whatever obstacles and challenges that accompanied this goal. A countrys geographical information should also be given consideration, because by doing so a more precise plan on marketing plan can be develop. Knowing Chinas geographical information would be very handy when it comes to marketing strategy. It would be easy to formulate plans on logistics. Meaning more products can be market on every part of the country. More part of the country would be available for market. Knowing all these factors doesnt mean it will eventually prevent any more conflicts to occur, but it will absolutely reduce the probability that a conflict can occur. Still the best solution to avoid such problems is to take intermediate actions to solve them. Solving a problem immediately can avoid the possibility for the problem to grow. Once a problem occurred a proper and ready-made solution should be done. Factors in entering foreign market There are certain that may affect a company in venturing into the global market. These factors should be considered in order to operate in global trade smoothly. A companys direct investment is needed in order for a company to operate in the global market. The company should have enough money to invest. In a corporate industry where money is the fuel for progress, a company that have enough resources can male it big in the global trade. Money is resources, without these resources to invest, it would be impossible to pursue the global market; Joint venture (often abbreviated as JV), is formed between two or more parties that agrees to undertake economic activities together. Both parties involved in this agreement, agreed in both contributing equity, they then share the enterprises revenue, expenses, and control of the enterprise; Licensing, in order to avoid legal case, licensing is necessary in all type of business. Especially in venturing into foreign territories, it is important to furnish all legal aspects before conducting business; by these means the company can operate their business without flaw. Exporting is marketing a certain product globally or in other word, it is sending goods for sale or exchange to other country abroad. Importance of business strategy It is important for a company to have a god business strategy. By managing a companys strategy a specific objectives, policies, and plan will be developed that will help the company in achieving its goals. This will provide an overall direction for the company. A good strategy should be appropriate for the companys over all resources, environmental circumstances, and the companys main objective in general. It also should match the companys strategic advances to the business environment that the company faces. A good strategy must also integrate the companys goal, policies, tactics, and values. Future trends should be given consideration too because this will enable the company to adapt in future marketing trends, this way the company can adapt to changed and not be left behind. Types of Marketing Strategies Every marketing strategy is unique, each beneficial in different kinds of business. Each strategy is and can be reduced into generic marketing strategy. Strategies based on market dominance in this scheme, companys are classifies according to their market share or their dominance in the industry; Porter Generic strategies, are strategy that is based on the dimension of strategic scope and strength of the company. Strategic scope refers to market penetration, on the hand strategic strength is the companys sustainable competitive advantage; innovation strategies, deals with the companys new product development and business innovation; Growth stage, in this strategy, the question, How should the company grow? should be answered. The most common answers are; horizontal integration, vertical integration, diversification, and intensity; marketing warfare strategy/warfare-based strategy, that trys to withdraw parallels between business and warfare; it applies military strategy to business s ituations. Unlike in a Warfield, the enemies to consider in the business field are the competitors. Key Steps towards a Strategic Plan Vision The first step toward a strategic plan is to have a realistic vision for the companys business. A good strategy plan should be able to visualized future trends to come. A strategic vision should consider future products, processes, customers, markets, staff, location, etc. Mission This indicates the purposes of the business. The nature of the business is also expressed in terns of mission. For example: designing, developing, manufacturing, and marketing a specific product line to meet the needs of a specific customer group through a certain distribution market in a particular area. This indicates what the business is about. We can say that a company is specializing in marketing a certain product, to a certain group of consumer, in a certain location. Values Values govern the operation of the business, its conduct, and its relationship with the society, the customers, its supplier, employees, and the local community. Objectives This is what the company wants to achieve in either for short or foe long term. Objectives should also relate to the requirements and to the expectations of all the members, including the employees. Objective should reflect to the main reason why the business is running. Strategies Are the rules and guidelines by which all the objectives and mission may be achieved. Strategy can also cover the business as a whole which can include diversification, acquisition plans, and organic growth. Or strategy can also be related to the primary matters in business key functional areas. Goals Goals are specific objectives to be achieved on a time-based measurement or in a specific time set. Goals should be realistic and achievable. Programs These are what set out the implementation plans for key strategies. Program should cover resources, time-scales, deadlines, objectives, performance targets, and budget as well. Importance of Marketing Strategy

Frank Sinatra Essay -- essays research papers

Frank Sinatra As we inch towards the year 2000, we look back to the pre-dominant individuals of the 20th century. Time magazine voted Frank Sinatra as the world’s most influential vocalist of the 20th century. Frank Sinatra not only excelled but transcended music and became a true personality of our time. Whether you’re talking about recorded music, live performances, movies or simply living large, Frank Sinatra has done that all. He has become an international figure, having the reputation as a celebrity, icon, bad boy and the greatest singer of American popular songs. He is known as being America’s first teen idol and also as a true American Legend. You may all know the name "Frank Sinatra" but you may all not know why Frank Sinatra is a cultural icon. After reading the book "Sinatra:Behind the Legend" by Randy Tarabelli, I learned a lot about this American legend. Francis Albert Sinatra was born on Dec.12th,1915 in Hoboken, New Jersey. His parents were Italian immigrants and he grew up poor in the streets of Hoboken. Those tough early years made him all the more determined to work hard and make something of his life. He was a very ambitious person. Since he was a little boy he loved to sing. In his teen years he attended a Bing Crosby concert and that is when he decided that he too would become a singer. At the age of 19 the first break of his musical career came on when he sang with a band called the Hoboken Four. After ... Frank Sinatra Essay -- essays research papers Frank Sinatra As we inch towards the year 2000, we look back to the pre-dominant individuals of the 20th century. Time magazine voted Frank Sinatra as the world’s most influential vocalist of the 20th century. Frank Sinatra not only excelled but transcended music and became a true personality of our time. Whether you’re talking about recorded music, live performances, movies or simply living large, Frank Sinatra has done that all. He has become an international figure, having the reputation as a celebrity, icon, bad boy and the greatest singer of American popular songs. He is known as being America’s first teen idol and also as a true American Legend. You may all know the name "Frank Sinatra" but you may all not know why Frank Sinatra is a cultural icon. After reading the book "Sinatra:Behind the Legend" by Randy Tarabelli, I learned a lot about this American legend. Francis Albert Sinatra was born on Dec.12th,1915 in Hoboken, New Jersey. His parents were Italian immigrants and he grew up poor in the streets of Hoboken. Those tough early years made him all the more determined to work hard and make something of his life. He was a very ambitious person. Since he was a little boy he loved to sing. In his teen years he attended a Bing Crosby concert and that is when he decided that he too would become a singer. At the age of 19 the first break of his musical career came on when he sang with a band called the Hoboken Four. After ...

Corn Pone Opinions Essay

In Mark Twain’s essay â€Å"Corn ­Pone Opinions† he uses different strategies to express his position on how people’s actions and thoughts are excessively influenced by others. He changes the pronoun â€Å"I† to â€Å"we†. Twain does this by first explaining his own opinion then addresses everyone else as a collaborative group in order to support his point. He basically states that people follow trends whether they like them or not. He gives a few examples to support his point. The anecdote that Twain uses of a young slave named Jerry that had such a talent for preaching helps introduce his argument in an interesting way. Twain carries the idea that men are made up of society’s thoughts and opinions. Twain feels that everyone will accept the public’s opinions only for the satisfaction of one’s â€Å"self ­approval.† Twain expresses to the reader that we all in a sense sacrifice our own uniqueness to be accepted by society. Corn Pone Opinions are the group of belief with which we each join as an impulsive mode to fit in, as Twain says, â€Å"the instinct that moves to conformity did the work. It is our nature to conformÍ ¾ it is a force which not many can successfully resistÍ ¾ what is it’s seat, the inborn requirement of self ­approval.†

In What Ways Does Imtiaz Dharker Use Language and Structure to Convey Her Ideas in ‘Blessing’

In what ways does Imtiaz Dharker use language and structure to convey her ideas in ‘Blessing'? Blessing  is a poem which creates a celebratory scene as well as being ominous and disturbing. Under the visible good fortune and exhilaration of the scene are darker ideas about the poverty and the religious expression of the people in the poverty ridden suburbs of large third world cities, originating from Imtiaz Dharker's firsthand experience of living in India during the dry season and witnessing the suffering. Imtiaz Dharker uses effective purposeful structure to the poem to give it strength to be able to convey the poem's underlying ideas.She uses four stanzas with deliberate use of varied length sentences. When the sentences are short, early on in the poem, it's used to show the lack of water by contrasting it with the long flowing sentences when its talking about the presences of water. This is achieved by the long flowing sentences evoking the idea of water flowing in the s tanza contrasting with the extensive use of full stops in the beginning of the poem. A clear example of this is found The poet also uses alliteration to emphasise particular words and phrases. She uses it to bring attention to the lack of water in the line â€Å"the small splash†.The sibilance draws the reader's attention to the small splash which contributes vitally to the overall imagery of a parched land. Another use of alliteration, which also is sibilance, is â€Å"sometimes, the sudden rush of fortune†. This emphasises the word â€Å"sudden†, which creates a clearer view of how abrupt the â€Å"rush of fortune† is. The poet uses monosyllables to contribute toward the image of water. The line â€Å"the drop of it† is used as the monosyllables literally create the sound of the water dripping. This is a very effective technique as it adds aural depth to the poem, thus making the poets views easier to transfer to the reader.Another use of structu re to create an effect is the poetic use of rhyme to generate a powerful impact by creating links between words thus reinforcing their main points. â€Å"pod† in the opening line is rhymed with â€Å"god† the last word the second stanza, which creates a link between the two words. It shows how both God and a pod, which immediately conjures up an image of a pea pod, bring life. The poet uses an iambic rhythm in â€Å"blessing†, which means a stable,  regular  rhythm that alternates stressed and unstressed syllables in a fixed pattern.This then provides a sturdy backbone to the poem which allows for it to flow and be aurally pleasant which allows for the reader to be able to delve deep into reading between the lines. Iambic rhythm is the rhythm used in normal speech which is the reason why the poem flows so well. Another use of structure used by the poet is the intentional use of enjambment to create a flowing effect to the poem during the third and forth stan zas when the poet is writing about the presence of water. This creates a flowing rhythm which creates thoughts of water flowing, which happens when a body of water is travelling, like a river.The poet also uses language to evoke emotions in the reader. A strong and effective use of language is the religious implications of water to the people. The poem features the line â€Å"the voice of a kindly god† which is in relation to the gift of water. This is comparing the little water they are receiving to a god, which is god rather than God due to a variety of religions being present in those areas, due to the enormity of their need for water. The idea of idolising water is returned to towards the end of the poem in the line â€Å"the blessing sings over their small bones†.The prospect of a blessing being sung over something is easily related to evangelical Christians singing their gospels and other religious communities expressing their faith through the medium of song. Th ere is also a clear association between water and currency in the poem, as water in that type of situation is as important to the people as money. When the water pipeline owned by the council burst, it is defined as a â€Å"sudden rush of fortune†. This can be taken two ways, firstly it could mean a rush of luck as the inhabitants really benefited from it.Or secondly it can be taken as a rush of currency if â€Å"fortune† is taken as an a large amount of money or assets, as defined by the compact oxford English dictionary. This shows that the poet believes that water to these people is worth a great deal of money. Another comparison of water to currency comes quickly chronologically, with the water from the pipe being referred to as â€Å"silver†. Apart from the obvious fact that water appears to be silver in colour due to waters critical angle of around 49? , it is also due to silver being a precious metal and then relating the preciousness of the ilver in rega rd to the water. As silver is such an expensive precious metal, the metaphor implies that water is essential to people suffering a water deficit. Finally the poet uses phrases which can be interpreted slightly differently but all contributing to the same effect thus creating a deeper and richer meaning to the phrase. This is demonstrated in the line â€Å"the skin cracks†. This is clearly about the shortage of water but it can be viewed in three different ways. Firstly it could mean that the skin of the people are cracking due to dehydration which happens in poverty stricken areas suffering draught.Secondly, it could be regarding the skin around the pod of crops. In place where there is a draught, crops often fail by shrivelling up and cracking into a black dust. Finally, the cracking could be down to the ground drying and therefore shrinking and leaving large cracks in the ground, which has now become an iconic image of a draught. To conclude, Imtiaz Dharker uses a variety i f techniques regarding the structure and language used to create and awareness of how precious water is. It shows how even though we have an abundance, millions of people in the world are desperate for the same luxury.